Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that arises from the lining of the bladder. It's a little bit of a misnomer in that it can arise anywhere in the urinary tract from the ureters that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder and from the urethra which allows urine to exit the body. The cause of bladder cancer is a bit unknown although there are certain environmental risk factors which increase a person's risk of developing bladder cancer. If you're a smoker you probably should stop smoking but other than that there's really no other environmental factors that contribute to bladder cancer development. Bladder cancer symptoms are unfortunately very vague. They range from some blood in the urine to pain with urination or difficulty urinating which unfortunately overlap with other more common conditions such as urinary tract infections which can contribute to bladder cancer being diagnosed later in the stage and development of bladder cancer. Early forms of bladder cancer when they are detected early are primarily treated with surgical resection by a neurologist and occasionally accompanied by the installation of immunotherapy or chemotherapy into the bladder itself. 
As bladder cancer advances and erodes into the wall of the bladder, it is typically treated with combination therapies such as chemotherapy followed by a cystectomy, which is the complete removal of the bladder or a combination of chemotherapy with radiation therapy given at the same. Medical oncologists like myself, the surgeons, and the radiation oncologists all are in very close communication and we meet on a regular basis weekly to discuss patients cases and their care and as well as just being in close contact on a day to day basis.