How Well Do You Know Your Heart? Part 1: The Arteries Transcript How well do you know your heart? Let's explore the cardiovascular system. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood through the body. Coronary arteries surround your heart and nourish it with oxygen. Carotid arteries carry blood to your head and neck. The aorta is the largest artery. It carries blood through the abdomen. Peripheral arteries are smaller and carry blood to your arms and legs. Keep learning and stay heart smart!