How Well Do You Know Your Heart? Part 2: Symptoms of Atherosclerosis Transcript: Atherosclerosis is a common disease where plaque builds up on artery walls. It can affect the coronary, carotid, peripheral, and aortic arteries, leading them to narrow, reduce blood flow, or even cause blockages. Watch out for chest pain, stroke symptoms, and leg pain. Talk to your doctor about early detection and prevention.