Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of joints, tendons, skin, blood vessels and other connective tissue and organs. SLE causes the immune system to produce antibodies that attack the body's healthy cells and tissue. Of all the forms of lupus, SLE is the most common and most well-known.
The cause of SLE is unknown. It is likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Are You at Risk for Lupus Erythematosus?
SLE is more common in women aged 20-45 years old. It is also more common in people of African American, Native American and Hispanic descent.
Other factors that increase your chance of developing SLE include:
- Family history
- Celiac disease
Lupus Symptoms
Symptoms can be mild or very severe. For some people, only part of the body, such as skin, is affected. For others, many parts are affected. Though symptoms can be chronic, they can flare up and get better on and off.
Common symptoms may include:
- Extreme fatigue
- Swollen and/or painful joints
- Fever without signs of infection
- Skin rashes over areas exposed to sunlight, especially butterfly shaped rash over the nose and cheeks
Other symptoms may depend on the area of the body that is affected:
- Affected skin may become sensitive to light, have hives or red or purple rashes, or have hair loss
- Affected muscles may become stiff and weak
- Affected stomach and intestines may cause nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Affected brain and nerves may lead to psychiatric disorders, such as depression, seizures, and nerve pain and numbness
SLE may cause complications during pregnancy. There may be a flare-up of symptoms, kidney problems, or pre-eclampsia. There is also an increased risk of premature birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, or growth problems with the baby during pregnancy.
Diagnosing Lupus
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Diagnosis is based on your signs and symptoms. Your doctor will also rule out other health conditions that have symptoms similar to SLE. It may take some time to gather all the necessary information for a diagnosis.
Some tests include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Imaging is done with an MRI
Treatments for Lupus
SLE is not curable, but it can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes. You may also need treatment for issues caused by SLE.
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options depend on your symptoms.
Lupus Medications
There are many different kinds of medications that are used to treat SLE. Examples include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Antimalarial drugs
- Corticosteroids
- Drugs to suppress the immune system
- B-cell therapy
Your doctor may recommend that you take a combination of medications.
Preventing Flare-ups
Some lifestyle changes can help you prevent flare-ups of SLE. Work with your doctor to create a plan for your symptoms. Some steps may include:
- Learn the signs of a flare-up and contact your doctor as soon as possible
- Get immediate treatment for any cuts or infections
- Manage symptoms for other chronic conditions caused by SLE
- Avoid sun exposure
- If you smoke, learn how to quit
- Eat a healthy diet
- Limit emotional stress
- Get enough rest
- Exercise regularly, with your doctor's permission
Content was created using EBSCO’s Health Library. Edits to original content made by Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.