Rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina. Gas or stool may leak from the bowel into the vagina. It may be caused by physical trauma or a medical condition.
Some rectovaginal fistulas close on their own. Most will need a surgery for repair. This condition can be treated. Contact your doctor if you think you may have a fistula.
Risk
Factors that may increase your risk of rectovaginal fistula include:
- Crohn’s disease
- Complications following surgery to the perineum (area between vagina and rectum), vagina, rectum, or anus
- Injuries during childbirth
- Radiation treatment or cancer in the pelvic area
- Perianal infection
Symptoms
If you have any of these, do not assume it is due to a fistula. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions. Talk to your doctor if you have:
- Passing stool or gas via the vagina
- Inability to control bowel movements
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Recurring vaginal infections
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Persistent pain in the pelvic area
Diagnosis
Tests may include the following:
- Anorectal ultrasound — a small wand-like instrument provides a video image of the rectum and anus
- Methylene enema — a tampon is placed in the vagina and methylene blue is placed into the rectum to identify movement of fluid from rectum to vagina
- Contrast studies — barium enema may be used to view a rectovaginal fistula that cannot be seen on physical exam
- Endoscopy — a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower colon (to rule out irritable bowel disease)
Treatment
Rectovaginal Fistula Repair Surgery
Surgery is usually needed. It is done to close the opening between the rectum and vagina. Tissue may be taken from another part of the body as a graft. This tissue will help to close the fistula.
Medications
You may be given antibiotics if the area around the fistula is infected.
WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA?
Speak with your doctor to get a referral.
Content was created using EBSCO’s Health Library. Edits to original content made by Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.